温故知新

おん　こち　しん
on kochi shin

You'll notice that the hiragana and romaji formatting of today's yoji is broken in different places than usual. This is because, while many times yoji can be made by combining two niji compounds, today's has a niji compound stuck right in the middle: "故知： the wisdom of the ancients." How cool is that?

You'll recognize 温 from 温泉 (onsen) and 新 (new), and if you apply the meanings, in order, you get: from the warm wisdom of the ancients, comes the new. But the wisdom wouldn't be warm still, if we didn't keep it warm. Read on to get a better definition.

Definition:
古きを温め、新しきを知る。経験のない新しいことを進めるにも、過去を充分学ぶことから知恵を得ようということ。
Translations:
1. Learning from the past
2. Build new things on proven foundations
3. Develop new things by studying the past
4. Learn new things by applying old things

=

You've heard the famous quotation from George Santayana, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it?" This same idea applies pretty well to 温故知新. Remembering the past keeps it alive, keeps it warm, but the purpose of keeping it alive is not to keep living in it... but to prevent yourself from repeating it.

The connotation of 温故知新 is more on advancement, creation, and moving forward, not just prevention.

What I find intensely interesting is the possibility that Santayana's saying might BE an example of 温故知新, as 温故知新 is itself part of a famous Confucian saying. Is there a chance that a philosopher like Santayana writing in the early 1900s might have been familiar with Confucianism and based his new ideas on a similar, old principle?*

For those of you who are interested, check out this article about a case of real life 温故知新 and a case of real life Jurassic Parking in Dubai!


例文：　地球が爆破したことはまことに残念ではあるけれども、温故知新の精神で、生き残ったみんなで、ここでもう一回緒戦しましょう。
-メーター大統領
火星, 2057

The fact that earth blew up was a terrible shame, BUT, if everyone can keep the lessons of the past fresh in their hearts, those of us who are still alive can give it another shot, here.
-President Mehta
Mars, 2057


* The internet says "NO."

日進月歩

にっしん　げっぽ
nisshin geppo

I've been dealing with the frustrations of trying to figure out WHY certain things don't sound correct in Japanese, or when to use a certain construction over another that means the exact same thing with a slightly different nuance (as is evidenced by the 2kyuu grammar sections below), and recently the inquiries I've made of Japanese people have revealed that many of them don't really know the answers. Just like I can't precisely explain why I use "which" instead of "that" sometimes, they use their language without thinking about why they do it. And a lot of the grammar and constructions I'm learning for 2kyuu are old enough to be rendered unimportant in terms of modern, daily-use speech patterns. Aggravating as all of this can be, it does yield some interesting conversations, and the first opportunity for me to use the above Yo-ji.

The Kanji are familiar ones, right? Day, Move Forward, Month, Walk? The first time I heard it, I managed to leave with the impression that it meant "Step by step," which could not be farther from the truth.

Definition:
日ごと月ごとに進歩する。
Translations:
1: Progress by leaps and bounds
2: Rapid advances.
3. (description of) A world in which something changes, something is different every day, in a forward moving way.



例文： 言葉は本当に生き物だ。僕が日本語を習った時、「ぜんぜん」と「大丈夫」を一緒に使っては絶対いけませんだった。だが、今、皆が「ぜんぜん大丈夫」と言うよね？それは日本語という言葉の日進月歩かな？
Languages are living things. When I learned Japanese, it was absolutely forbidden to use "zenzen" in conjunction with a word like "daijoubu." But nowadays, everybody says it!　I guess that's the alleged progress of this language that we call "Nihongo."

The video above is an appropriate one: 35 years of Shinjuku!